Condition overview
Herpes (HSV-1 / HSV-2)
Herpes simplex virus can cause oral or genital sores. Many people carry the virus without symptoms.
Type
Viral
Testing
Swab of active sore (PCR) or blood antibody test
Curable
No, but manageable with antiviral medication
This content is for general educational purposes and is not a substitute for diagnosis, treatment, or personalized medical advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Overview
Herpes simplex virus can cause oral or genital sores. Many people carry the virus without symptoms.
Symptoms
- Painful blisters or sores
- Tingling or itching before an outbreak
- Often no symptoms
Seek immediate medical care for severe symptoms, significant pain, heavy bleeding, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, or other urgent concerns.
Transmission
- Skin-to-skin contact
- Oral, genital, or anal contact
Testing options
- PCR swab of an active sore
- Type-specific antibody blood test
Testing window: PCR swab is most reliable when a sore is active. Antibody testing typically becomes reliable weeks to months after exposure.
Treatment
Antiviral medications can reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks and lower transmission risk. Discuss options with a clinician.
Possible complications
- Recurrent outbreaks
- Emotional impact
Partner considerations
Open conversations with partners and consistent barrier use can reduce transmission risk.
Prevention
- Barrier methods
- Antiviral suppression when appropriate
- Avoiding contact during active outbreaks